This page complements the units covered in class (53-55, 58&59).
Table of contents:
1) Defining and non-defining relative clauses
2) All the following in linguapress.com:
- When, where, why, and how - from:
- Nominal relative pronouns (what, whatever, etc.)
- Relative adjectives (what, which, whose)
- Relative clauses with prepositions
- Relative adverb: however
- When, where, why, and how - from:
- Nominal relative pronouns (what, whatever, etc.)
- Relative adjectives (what, which, whose)
- Relative clauses with prepositions
- Relative adverb: however
1) Defining and non-defining relative clauses
2) Linguapress.com
- When, where, why, and how -> linguapress.com
- Nominal relative pronouns (what, whatever, etc.) -> linguapress.com:
- Relative adjectives (what, which, whose)-> linguapress.com:
- Relative adverb: however-> linguapress.com:
4) Reduced relative clauses / Adverbial participle clauses
Basic principles for making reduced relative clauses
1. We can only make reduced relative clauses when the relative pronoun is the subject of the relative clause.
Active
That woman who is talking to my wife is our local Member of Parliament.
That woman talking to my wife is ...
That woman who my wife is talking to is our local Member of Parliament.
NOT That woman my wife talking to is ...
Passive
The man who is being taken away by the police is our neighbour.
The man being taken away by the police...
The man who is being taken away by the police is our neighbour.
The man being taken away by the police...
2. Active tenses are replaced with a present participle (-ing form). Note that the present participle can replace various active tenses, not only present continuous
Anyone wanting a ticket for the Final see me.
(who wants - present simple)
The train now arriving at Platform 3 is the 4.20 to Paddington
(which is now arriving - present continuous)
Teams completing the first round go into the quarter-finals.
(which have completed - present perfect)
People arriving late were not allowed in until the interval.
(who arrived - past simple)
(who wants - present simple)
The train now arriving at Platform 3 is the 4.20 to Paddington
(which is now arriving - present continuous)
Teams completing the first round go into the quarter-finals.
(which have completed - present perfect)
People arriving late were not allowed in until the interval.
(who arrived - past simple)
3. Passive tenses are replaced by the past participle (-ed forms) and being + past participle. When I say -ed forms, I'm including irregular form such as seen, broken etc.
The past participle replaces passive simple forms while the being form replaces passive continuous forms.
The student chosen as winner will get a prize.
(that is chosen - present simple)
The progress made yesterday will give us a head start.
(which was made - past simple)
None of the models inspected so far have passed the test.
(that have been inspected) - present perfect
The saplings being planted today will one day grow into huge trees.
(which are being planted - present continuous)
(that is chosen - present simple)
The progress made yesterday will give us a head start.
(which was made - past simple)
None of the models inspected so far have passed the test.
(that have been inspected) - present perfect
The saplings being planted today will one day grow into huge trees.
(which are being planted - present continuous)
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